北朝鮮・チベット・中国人権ウォッチ

中国の上海当局、一人っ子政策に違反した女性とその娘を弾圧する(中国人権　04.10.05)

＜翻訳：まこと＞

　ニューヨークに本部を置く人権擁護団体「中国人権」は上海の女性・Mao Hengfeng　のための救援要請を受け取った。伝えられるところによると、彼女は中国政府の「一人っ子政策」に対して抗議を行ったために拷問や罵倒されたという。

　中国人権の情報源によると、Mao Hengfeng は嘗て上海の石けん工場で働いていた。1988年、彼女は中国の一人っ子政策に違反して二人目の子供を身篭った。彼女の勤務先の工場の幹部たちは彼女に中絶させようと無理強いし、彼女がこれに抵抗すると、彼らは彼女を縛り精神病院へと連れて行った。そして、そこで彼女は無理やり許諾させられ、彼女には薬品が注射された。当局からの圧力にも拘わらず、Maoは何とか妊娠状態を保ち子どもを出産したものの、工場は彼女を解雇した。

　Mao Hengfengは上海の労働仲裁委員会に訴え、同委員会はMaoの解雇が労働法に違反すると裁定し、彼女を復職させるよう命じた。工場の経営陣はこの裁定に異議を唱え、上海市楊浦区の人民法院に上訴した。裁判所の審理の際、Maoは3人目の子どもを身篭って7ヶ月目だった。裁判官はMaoに「もしあなたが中絶しに行けば、あなたに有利な判決が下るだろう。」と語ったと伝えられている。それゆえ、Maoは彼女の本心に反して中絶をし、その後彼女は多量の出血をするという経験をしたが、裁判所は結局Maoは中国の一人っ子政策に違反したので、工場は彼女を解雇するという判決を下した。

　この体験の結果として、 Maoは15年間を彼女の働く権利と他の基本的人権のために闘うことになる。数多くの請願を行う間に、彼女はしばしば拘留され、彼女は時として精神施設に無理やり引き渡されることがあった。精神病院では、彼女は冷酷かつ屈辱的な扱いをされ、ショック療法を無理に受けさせられた。彼女は北京の当局に更なる訴えを行うものの、彼女は警察に拘留され、上海に無理やり返されてしまう結果となってしまった。中国人権の情報源は16歳未満のMaoの娘も拘束され、彼女の母親の抗議活動を手伝っていることについて尋問を受けたと伝えている。

　Maoは請願を止めることを拒否したため、2004年4月、上海の公安局は彼女に労働改造所に18ヶ月間送致する宣告を下した。中国人権の情報源によると、Maoは拘留の間に手足を縛られて宙に吊るされ、手足や腹部を激しく叩かれた。さらに、二人の犯罪者に拘留中の彼女の行動を監視するように命じたと申し立てられている。

　「Mao Hengfengには中国の一人っ子政策に対して抗議や懇願する権利がある。」中国人権の代表の劉青はこのように言った。「私たちはMao Hengfenが請願を行うという憲法で認められた権利を当局が抑圧することを遺憾に思う。私たちは彼女の未成年の娘に行われた報復行為にもなお一層強く抗議する。このような行為は中国が1992年に批准した子どもの権利条約に違反しているだろう。Mao Hengfeng は拘禁状態から解放されるべきであり、彼女と彼女の娘には更なる苦悩が与えられるべきではない。」

・OneChild Policy Opponent Tortured(原文)
http://iso.hrichina.org/iso/news_item.adp?news_id=1896

＜関連＞

このMao Hengfengさんのケースに関し、アムネスティ・インターナショナルがアージェント・アクション(緊急行動)の呼びかけを行っています。書かれている内容は中国人権の声明文とほぼ同じなので日本語訳は省きますが、以下に英文の全文を転載します。

URGENT ACTION

China: Fear of torture, Mao Hengfeng
PUBLIC
AI Index: ASA
17/051/2004

06 October 2004
UA 280/04 Fear of torture

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Mao Hengfeng (f)

Mao Hengfeng was forced to have an abortion, and dismissed from her job, when she became pregnant in violation of China's family planning policies 15 years ago. She has been protesting through official channels ever since, and has reportedly now been imprisoned and tortured because of her persistence.
According to information received from the New York based NGO Human Rights in China, Mao Hengfeng was dismissed from her job in a soap factory in Shanghai in 1988 when she became pregnant, because she already had a young daughter. She refused to have an abortion, and was detained in a psychiatric hospital where she was injected with unknown medication. However, she managed to continue her pregnancy and give birth to a daughter.
Mao then appealed against her dismissal under China’s Labour Law, and was ordered to be reinstated in her job. However, the factory where she worked disputed the ruling, and appealed to a higher court. Mao was seven months pregnant with her third child at the time of the appeal hearing, when the judge reportedly told her that if she terminated her pregnancy, he would rule in her favour.
Mao terminated her pregnancy against her wishes, but still the court ruled against her, apparently because of her original violation of family planning policies.
Since then, Mao has repeatedly followed official procedures to petition the authorities about her dismissal and against the treatment she suffered at the hands of the police. She has been detained several times on account of these activities, and forcibly confined in psychiatric units where she has been forced to undergo shock therapy. Her daughters, both under the age of 18, have also reportedly been detained repeatedly by police and questioned about who is assisting her with her petitions.
Mao was sent to a labour camp by police in Shanghai in April 2004, to undergo 18 months' "reeducation through labour" (a punishment imposed without charge or trial) because of her persistence in petitioning the authorities. At the labour camp she has reportedly been tied up, suspended from the ceiling and severely beaten. She is facing the possibility of further abuse.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Amnesty International receives numerous reports of torture and illtreatment taking place in a wide variety of state institutions across China, including police stations, prisons and "reeducation through labour" camps. Common methods of torture include kicking, beating, electric shocks, suspension by the arms, shackling in painful positions, and deprivation of sleep and food.
Torture and illtreatment have also been reported as a result of China’s family
planning policies, including forced abortions and sterilizations. Local birth quotas play a prominent part in the policy, upheld by stiff penalties as well as rewards. Women who become pregnant without permission may be punished with heavy fines, and dismissed from their jobs. With pressure to perform, some officials have resorted to violence.
In September 2002, a new Population and Family Planning Law was introduced in a stated attempt to standardize policies and practice across the country and safeguard citizens’ rights. However, reports of coerced abortions and sterilizations have continued and few officials are believed to have been brought to justice or punished for such abuses.

≪Take Action！≫

アムネスティ・インターナショナル米国支部のサイトではMao Hengfengさんの救援のためのアクションを呼び掛ける特設ページが設けられています。

・Stop Torture of Mao Hengfeng, a Woman Imprisoned in China for Protesting Forced Abortion
(中絶の強制に抗議を行ったために中国で刑務所に収監された女性・Mao Hengfengさんへの拷問を止めよ。)

http://takeaction.amnestyusa.org/action/index.asp?step=2&item=11182

一人っ子政策に抗議したために中国の当局から弾圧されている女性の救援のために、皆さんも中国の司法・公安当局にメールを送ってください！

＝アクションへの参加方法＝

1.↓のリンク先にアクセスしてください。

http://takeaction.amnestyusa.org/action/index.asp?step=2&item=11182

以下のようなアピール文が書かれています。この文章が中国の当局に送られることになります。

Concerned for the safety of Mao Hengfeng

Dear Ambassador,

I am extremely concerned for the safety of Mao Hengfeng, a woman who has reportedly been tortured at a ?reeducation through labor? camp in Shanghai. Mao Hengfeng was forced to have an abortion and was dismissed from her job when she became pregnant in violation of China's family planning policies 15 years ago. She has been protesting through official channels ever since. I urge you to release Mao Hengfeng immediately and unconditionally, and allow her to continue petitioning the authorities without interference. I also urge you to call for an immediate investigation into the reports that Mao Hengfeng has been subjected to torture, and to bring to justice those who are found responsible for torturing Mao Hengfeng and for harassing her two young daughters.

Mao Hengfeng was dismissed from her job in a soap factory in Shanghai in 1988 when she became pregnant, because she already had a young daughter. She refused to have an abortion, and was detained in a psychiatric hospital where she was injected with unknown medication. But she managed to continue her pregnancy and give birth to a daughter.

Mao Hengfeng then appealed against her dismissal under China?s Labor Law, and was ordered to be reinstated in her job. However, the factory where she worked disputed the ruling, and appealed to a higher court. Mao was seven months pregnant with her third child at the time of the appeal hearing, when the judge reportedly told her that if she terminated her pregnancy, he would rule in her favor. Mao terminated her pregnancy against her wishes, but still the court ruled against her, apparently because of her original violation of family planning policies.

Since then, Mao Hengfeng has repeatedly followed official procedures to petition the authorities about her dismissal and against the treatment she suffered at the hands of the police. She has been detained several times on account of these activities, and forcibly confined in psychiatric units where she has been forced to undergo shock therapy. Police have also reportedly detained her daughters repeatedly, both whom are under the age of 18, and questioned them about who is assisting Mao with her petitions.

In April 2004, police sent Mao Hengfeng to a labor camp in Shanghai to undergo 18 months of ?reeducation through labor? (a punishment imposed without charge or trial) because of her persistence in petitioning the authorities. At the labor camp she has reportedly been tied up, suspended from the ceiling and severely beaten. She is facing the possibility of further abuse.

Please act swiftly and compassionately to assure the immediate and unconditional release of Mao Hengfeng. I await a thorough investigation into the reports of torture and your efforts to bring those responsible for the torture of Mao Hengfeng to justice.

Sincerely,

メール・手紙の送付先：

・Minister of Justice of the People's Republic of China:
ZHANG Fusen Buzhang
Ministry of Justice
10 Chaoyangmen Nandajie, Chaoyangqu
Beijing 100020
People's Republic of China
Fax: 011 861064729863
Email:pfmaster@legalinfo.gov.cn (Mark: "Please forward to the Minister of Justice")
Salutation:Your Excellency

・Director of the Shanghai Bureau of Justice:
MIAO Xiaobao Juzhang
Shanghaishi Sifaju
225 Wuxinglu,
Shanghaishi 200030
People's Republic of China
Email: contact_us@eastday.com; webmaster@justice.gov.cn; jijianjiancha@eastday.com
Fax: 011 86 21 64743029
Salutation:Dear Director

・Director of the Shanghai Bureau of Public Security:
WU Zhiming Juzhang
Gong'anju
185 Fuzhoulu,
Shanghaishi 200002
People's Republic of China
Email:gaj02@shanghai.gov.cn; shgajxfb@sh.china110.com
Salutation:Dear Director

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みなさんのご協力をお願いします。

なお、上述の英文を参考に、オリジナルのアピール文を書いて中国当局に送って頂いてもかまいません。(宛先は上に書いてあります。)